{"id":61150,"date":"2020-09-02T19:05:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T19:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/projects\/narkomfin-restoration-ginzburg-soviet-constructivism\/"},"modified":"2021-08-20T18:32:23","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T18:32:23","slug":"narkomfin-restoration-ginzburg-soviet-constructivism","status":"publish","type":"metro_project","link":"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/projects\/narkomfin-restoration-ginzburg-soviet-constructivism\/","title":{"rendered":"The Winding Saga of the Restoration of the Narkomfin, an Icon of Soviet Constructivism"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Dsc01332
The main, east-facing facade of the newly restored Narkomfin Building had yellowed in recent decades. \u00a9 Ivan Muraenko<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

If you wandered down Novinsky Boulevard in central Moscow five years ago looking for the Narkomfin building, you\u2019d have been greeted by a sorry sight. The Narkomfin, the<\/em> poster child for Constructivist architecture designed by Moisey Ginzburg and Ignaty Milinis in 1928, had been slowly falling into a state of dereliction after being left unloved for 45 years. Paint peeling, concrete crumbling, and windows broken\u2014not to mention the numerous, muddling alterations made to the block of flats, including a completely new ground floor.<\/p>\n

Today, however, all that has changed. The Narkomfin\u2019s walls gleam white, piloti revealed, the ground level opened up, and window frames restored from plastic to the original timber\u2014the list of clarifying moves goes on.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe had to clear out all the parts which had been added later on,\u201d Alexey Ginzburg<\/a>, the grandson of Moisei and lead architect of the renovation, told Metropolis. <\/em>\u201c[It] is very close to the original design. We studied the smallest details of the house\u2026trying to follow the consideration of all the original parts, remaining in such a way that people can now touch them and see them below a protective layer, these remaining historical parts.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Dsc01374
The apartment block is raised on pilotis, a hallmark of High Modernism. An indoor bridge connects this main structure to an ancillary building, which was originally designed to contain communal spaces. \u00a9 Ivan Muraenko<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

To Alexey, the project was like an archaeological study. With every detail of the building originally designed tailored to a specific function, his team had to explore their original purposes, using old photographs and drawings.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt looks very simple from the outside, very puristic, very minimalistic,\u201d Ginzburg continues. \u201cYet it\u2019s incredibly complex inside. The way it was constructed was at the edge of the technological possibilities at the time and this was not just example of modern way of life, but also an example of the most up-to-date construction techniques.\u201d All of these features of the structure Ginzburg sought to illustrate throughout the conservation.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor the rest of the building, we tried to make replicas according to the original construction methods, as described by [Moisei] Ginzburg in his book Housing<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Dsc01671
One of the 44 apartments in the building. Private kitchens were gradually added since the building\u2019s opening in 1930\u201332. \u00a9 Ivan Muraenko<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alexey along with his father Vladimir, also an architect, Alexey had been investigating ways to finance and execute the conservation for 30 years prior to 2016, when work actually began.<\/p>\n

\u201cVladimir was trying to attract the attentions of different state organizations in the late Soviet Union in the middle of 1980s,\u201d recalls Alexey. \u201cI started to help him when I was studying architecture in Moscow. The project was not of interest to the state [and] it was complicated for private companies who were also interested.\u201d<\/p>\n

Originally designed to house high-ranking members the USSR\u2019s People\u2019s Commissariat for Finance, the Narkomfin provided two-story apartments with living spaces that make the most of the evening light by facing west, while bedrooms face east, letting in the morning sun\u2014a hallmark of High Modernism. Most importantly, the Narkomfin provided shared kitchens<\/a>, dining rooms, washing facilities, a caf\u00e9, gym, library, and kindergarten, features which were in line with communist ideals<\/a> and inherently feminist, helping to emancipate women from the labor of housework. Doing so was radical and at the time, making the Narkomfin a testbed for a new way of living.<\/p>\n

\"Dsc01734
A common area in the ancillary structure, whose curved, glazed facade contrasts with the residential block’s curvilinearity \u00a9 Ivan Muraenko<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

But this way of living wasn\u2019t to last. By 1942, original tenants had been evacuated, and new tenants and those returning put illegal kitchens into their apartments while the the building\u2019s rooftop, originally designed as a place for recreation, became a penthouse for the Commissar of Finance Nikolai Milyutin. Furthermore, earlier in 1932 (the year the Narkomfin was completed), official Soviet policy was to reject Constructivism, deriding it as a \u201cforeign import.\u201d By the 1980s less than half the building was occupied.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea of a communal residential building was only alive the first decade the house was open,\u201d said Alexey. The building’s social functions were sporadically used but later abandoned.<\/p>\n

More recently, the Narkomfin was occupied by artists, creatives, and the like, who were willing to put up with the yellowing plaster in exchange for reasonably cheap rent in the center of Moscow.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese days it is more inviting to hipsters than historians,\u201d Natalia Melikova, a Moscow-based photographer and founder of\u00a0the Constructivist Project<\/a>, told the Guardian <\/em>in 2015.<\/p>\n

\"Dsc01619
A view from the roof, looking north, with the Stalin-era Kudrinskaya Square Building in the left background \u00a9 Ivan Muraenko<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Now owned by developers Liga Prava, which bought the building in an auction, the Narkomfin will be home to private tenants. The original design had 43 apartments and four additional temporary, \u201chostel-style\u201d dwellings. Now, there are 44 apartments\u2014all of which were sold before work was completed\u2014and two rentable \u201chotel suites\u201d as Alexey describes them. (Final engineering checks still need to be made before people can move in.)<\/p>\n

As for the shared spaces, all have been restored, including a solarium and terrace atop the roof. The kindergarten and caf\u00e9 space, however, will now be a \u201cpublic center,\u201d which the new owner is currently finalizing as a space for events and exhibitions. \u201cThe main idea is that the building will be open to not just residents and will play an important role in explaining Russian vanguard architecture to the public,\u201d added Alexey.<\/p>\n

The grandson of Moisei is keen to make the new tenants aware of their surroundings. \u201cI have contacted all of them trying to explain to them the meaning of the building and how it should be maintained properly,\u201d he said. He is also eager to dispel misinformation about the way of life that the Narkomfin facilitated: \u201cThere is gossip that Narkomfin was a commune where a communal lifestyle, like a hostel, was proposed after the revolution. This is not true.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rather, Alexey describes the building as \u201ca socially determined tenement house.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Narkomfin isn\u2019t the only structure to be restored in the area. Another building, a former laundry nearby, has been restored by the same architects. \u201cWe wanted to show not just a few restored structures,\u201d Alexey says, \u201cbut a piece of the city, the urban tissue of that time and what this public space could be.\u201d<\/p>\n

You may also enjoy \u201cRecessed Apertures and Atypical Heft Distinguish a Mexico City Apartment House<\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Would you like to comment on this article? Send your thoughts to: comments@metropolismag.com<\/em><\/p>\n

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\nConnect with experts and design leaders on the most important conversations of the day.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The building in central Moscow, which pioneered an experimental communitarian lifestyle but had fallen into severe disrepair, has been restored courtesy of its mastermind\u2019s architect offspring.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1114,"featured_media":29372,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"featured_image_focal_point":[],"legacy_WP_ID":null},"tags":[99,166,151,220,568,622],"metro_tax_domain":[],"metro_tax_topic":[13,17],"metro_tax_program":[],"metro_issue":[],"internal_flag":[],"class_list":["post-61150","metro_project","type-metro_project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-modernism","tag-moscow","tag-preservation","tag-renovation","tag-soviet-union","tag-utopia","metro_tax_topic-architecture","metro_tax_topic-preservation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Winding Saga of the Restoration of the Narkomfin, an Icon of Soviet Constructivism - Metropolis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The building in central Moscow, which 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